Shocking videos of teenagers under the influence of drugs at house parties, involved in sexual activities, have taken many Kenyan parents by surprise.
The parents have always regarded their children as innocent, naive, and shielded from such experiences.
Private house parties have become clandestine venues where young people engage in risky behaviours, including unprotected sex and the consumption of illicit substances.
These gatherings offer a perceived sense of freedom and anonymity, making it easier for attendees to indulge without the scrutiny often associated with public places. During the parties, the teenagers are introduced to drugs.
The 2025 National Authority for the Campaign Against Alcohol and Drug Abuse (NACADA) report indicates that 66.4 per cent of university students obtain drugs from their peers, highlighting the powerful role of social circles in shaping behaviour.
Kenya has provided many legal and policy safeguards for the protection of children from sexual violence and manipulation. The Sexual Offences Act, No. 3 of 2006, gives the minimum age of consent for sex as 18.
Early adolescence (10 – 13 years) is characterized by different behavioural experimentation, middle adolescence (14 – 16 years) is full of risk-taking, while the commencement of risk-taking occurs in late adolescence (17 – 19 years).
The rise of modernisation and urbanisation has led to mass media having a profound effect on the sexual attitudes of adolescents. In recent times, the accessibility of sexual content in movies and on the internet has influenced their perceptions of sexuality.
Social media platforms have become a preying ground for most groomers, with pornographic content now flooding timelines.
On TikTok, “FYP” stands for “For You Page”, a personalised feed users see when they open the app, showcasing videos that the algorithm thinks they will enjoy based on their viewing history and interactions.
Although TikTok uses this feature to help users discover new content and stay engaged with the platform, one can use the same to see the kind of content their young ones engage with.
However, with most parents not being able to catch up as quickly as their children when it comes to digital matters, there is a need for them to snoop around their gadgets.
“The nature of a plethora of social media platforms, some with end-to-end encryption, significantly increases children’s exposure. Children have a wider arena. If not on conventional social media platforms that their parents or guardians, or teachers know, they are using gaming platforms and chatting away on DM (Direct Messages). They are using channels like Discord, Slack, and when they need to “hide” they are using vaults like calculators to hide images/videos and apps,” says Evelyn Kasina, a family IT consultant and Digital Learning Leader.
Evelyn, who is the founder of Eveminet Communication Solutions Limited, says once a parent discovers their child has been targeted by online predators or exposed to harmful content, they should report on that particular platform, get the evidence if the case must be reported, and call toll-free number 116.
Pornography is defined in the Computer Misuse and Cybercrime (Amendment) Bill, 2021, to include any data, whether visual or audio, that depicts persons engaged in sexually explicit conduct.
“This definition is open to interpretation, and police will have discretion on who to arrest and charge based on their interpretation of what constitutes sexually explicit conduct. The phrase ‘sexually explicit’ is so subjective that it will lead to inconsistent application of the provision. The overbroad nature of its definition will open it up for abuse,” explains Kenneth Essendi, an advocate.
In early 2021, then Garissa Township MP Aden Duale introduced the Bill aimed at criminalizing pornography.
“The Computer Misuse and Cybercrime (Amendment) Bill, 2021, introduces several new offenses, including the creation, possession, and sharing of pornography via computer systems. It also makes it illegal to download, distribute, transmit, share, circulate, deliver, display, rent, trade, sell, or in any way make pornographic content accessible using telecommunications devices,” shares Essendi.
In the Bill, an offender may pay a fine of Sh20 million or an imprisonment term of up to five years, or both. “The penalty and the imprisonment term are extremely disproportionate given the conduct they seek to deter,” points out the lawyer.
Adolescent sexual and reproductive behaviour is changing in Kenya in ways that potentially undermine the physical, social, and economic well-being of young people. Moreover, the environment in which adolescents are currently growing up puts a greater premium on skill acquisition than existed in the past.
The consequences of early sex and pregnancy seemingly are more severe now than they have been before.
The 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) indicated that there was a sharp increase in the number of new infections among adolescents, a worrying trend that pointed to a problem in society that ought to be addressed urgently.
A comparison of age at first sexual intercourse with age at first marriage across age cohorts of women, however, revealed an increase in the gap between sexual initiation and marriage in Kenya that is consistent with a rise in premarital sexual activity.
25 per cent of men aged 25-49 had their first sexual intercourse before age 15 compared with 15 per cent among women in the same age group. By age 20, 72 per cent of both women and men aged 25-49 had had their first sexual intercourse.
In Kenya, 15 per cent of adolescent women aged between 15-19 have ever been pregnant, with 12 per cent living in urban areas as compared to 16 per cent for those in rural areas. 12 per cent have given birth, one per cent have had a pregnancy loss, and three per cent are pregnant with their first child. By county, teen pregnancy ranges from 50 per cent in Samburu to five per cent in Nyeri and Nyandarua.
Further, the report showed that 133,455 adolescents are living with HIV in Kenya. There are also 18,004 new infections and 2,797 deaths among adolescents between 10-19 years annually.
During adolescence, peer pressure, the need for validation, and the quest for maturity serve as strong driving forces. The urge to appear ‘experienced’ or attractive may push some teenagers to become sexually active before they are emotionally or mentally ready. This often results in feelings of regret, confusion, and diminished self-worth.
“Having worked in both schools and the community at large, I have seen an increase in sexual activities among high school students in Kenya, due to various contributing factors like peer pressure and the urge to try out.
“Most of these students engage in sexual activities due to the experience shared by close friends, trying to fit in, and to earn a sense of belonging among their peers who have done it before or who are in unhealthy intimate relationships,” says Rael Mayende, a programmes officer with Youth Safety Awareness Initiative popularly known as Crime Si Poa.
According to Paul Mburu, a clinical psycho-sociologist, it is essential to move beyond surface-level judgment and explore the complex social, cultural, and technological factors driving this trend, as well as the risks that come with it.
“Today’s teenagers are navigating a world that is vastly different from that of earlier generations. The rise of social media, the abundance of online content, and evolving attitudes towards sexuality have transformed their perspectives on relationships and intimacy,” he says.
Evelyn says parents need to go back to the drawing board and instill values, discipline, and modeling behaviour in their children.
As the world commemorates Sexual Assault Awareness Month, addressing this crisis requires a collaborative effort from government agencies, educational institutions, communities, and families.
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